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The following organisations offer
advice:
Venezuelan – American
Chamber of Commerce
2332 Galiano Street, Coral Gables, FL 33134
Tel: (305) 728-7042
Fax: (305) 728-7043
venezuelanchamber.org
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CONAPRI, Consejo Nacional de Promoción
de Invensiones (National Council for Investment Promotion),
Edificio Forum, Local LC-A (planta baja), Calle Guaicaipuro, El
Rosal, Caracas 1060 (tel: (212) 951 6507 or 3692 or 953 4732;
fax: (212) 953 3915;
conapri.org |
FEDECAMARAS, Federación Venezolana de
Cámaras y Asociaciones de Comercio y Producción (Federation of
Chambers of Commerce and Industry), Apartado 2568, Edificio
Fedecámaras, Pent-House 2, Avenida El Empalme, El Bosque,
Caracas (tel: (212) 731 1711; fax: (2) 730 2097;
fedecamaras.org.ve
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Venezuela. |
Geography
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Caracas |
Puerto_Cabello
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War_of_Independence
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Oil fields of Venezuela |
Hugo Chávez
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Bolivarian Revolution, |
democratic socialism |
Fifth Republic Movement
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Bolivarianism |
Pan-Americanist
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Simón Bolívar |
Revolutionary Bolivarian
Movement-200 |
Bolivarian Missions, |
Washington Consensus
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Venezuelan National Assembly |
FTAA On
March 4, 2005,
Chávez publicly declared that the U.S.-backed
Free Trade Area of the Americas
was "dead." Chávez stated that the neoliberal model of
development had utterly failed in improving the lives of Latin
Americans, and that an alternative, anti-capitalist model would
be conceived in order to increase trade and relations between
Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil. Chávez also stated his desire
that a leftist, Latin American analogue of
NATO be established....
2012
The
BBC says that Chavez "has made
no secret of the fact that he is in favour of amending the
constitution so that he can run again for president in 2012."[75]
G.W.Bush-"the devil":
..2006
Chávez speech at the UN damning U.S. President
George Bush.[81]
In the speech Chavez referred to Bush as "the devil," adding
that Bush, who had given a speech to the assembly a day earlier,
had come to the General Assembly to "share his nostrums to try
to preserve the current pattern of domination, exploitation and
pillage of the peoples of the world."[82][83]
Although it was widely condemned by U.S. politicians and media
[84][85]
[86], the speech was
received with "wild applause" in the Assembly.
[87]
[88] |
Foreign policy of Hugo Chávez
Chávez's foreign policy conduct and
anti-Bush rhetoric has occasionally reached the level of
personal attacks. Chávez once referred to U.S. President
George W. Bush as a
pendejo ("dumbass"), and
constantly refers to him as
Míster Danger. In a later
speech, he made personal remarks regarding
Condoleezza Rice, referring to
her as a "complete illiterate" when it comes to comprehending
Latin America.[133][134][135
Heating Oil for USA:
After
Hurricane Katrina battered the
United States’
Gulf Coast in late 2005, the
Chávez administration was the first foreign government to offer
aid to the devastated regions. The Bush administration opted to
refuse this aid. Later during the winter of 2005, various
officials in the Northeastern United States signed an agreement
with Venezuela to provide discounted heating oil to low income
families.
9/11:
In a 2006 letter to the
United States Congress, Chávez
called on the U.S. Congress to "demand that the government of
President Bush explain the self-inflicted attack on the World
Trade Center and its victims, the supposed aircraft that crashed
into the Pentagon and the links between the bin Laden family and
the Bush family."[7]
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William Brownfield,
USA ambassador to Venezuela, |
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TRADE -Economy |
Venezuela continues to be highly dependent on the petroleum
sector, accounting for roughly one-third of GDP, around 80% of export earnings, and
almost half of government operating revenues.
Venezuela
facts by cia.gov |
GDP - real growth rate:
9.3% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$6,400 (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 4%
industry: 41.9%
services: 54.1% (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 13%
industry: 23%
services: 64% (1997 est.)
Unemployment rate:
12.2% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
47% (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 0.8%
highest 10%: 36.5% (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
16% (2005 est.)
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Government revenue also has been
bolstered by increased tax collection, which has surpassed its 2005 collection
goal by almost 50%. Tax revenue is the primary source of non-oil revenue, which
accounts for 53% of the 2006 budget. A disastrous two-month national oil strike,
from December 2002 to February 2003, temporarily halted economic activity. The
economy remained in depression in 2003, declining by 9.2% after an 8.9% fall in
2002. Output recovered strongly in 2004-2005, aided by high oil prices and
strong consumption growth. Venezuela continues to be an important source of
crude oil for the US market. Both inflation and unemployment remain fundamental
problems.
Agriculture - products:
corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk,
eggs; fish
Industries:
petroleum, construction materials, food processing, textiles; iron ore mining,
steel, aluminum; motor vehicle assembly
Exports - commodities:
petroleum, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic
manufactures
Exports - partners:
US 51.2%, Netherlands Antilles 7.3%, Canada 2.4% (2005) Imports:
$24.63 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Imports - commodities:
raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction
materials
Imports - partners:
US 31.6%, Colombia 11%, Brazil 9.1%, Mexico 6.9% (2005)
Citgo Petroleum Corporation is
controlled by the Venezuelan government |
Citgo refers to its logo as the "trimark." A large,
double-faced sign featuring this logo overlooks Fenway Park in Boston,
Massachusetts from
Kenmore Square
and has become a landmark, partly because of its appearance in the
background in televised baseball games. The current 60-foot by 60-foot
incarnation, unveiled in March 2005 after a six-month restoration
project, features thousands of light-emitting diodes. |
Venezuelan
Oil - production:
3.081 million bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption:
530,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)
Oil - exports:
2.1 million bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - imports:
NA bbl/day
Oil - proved reserves:
75.59 billion bbl (2005 est.)
Natural gas - production:
29.7 billion cu m (2003 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
29.7 billion cu m (2003 est.)
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September 2006, Venezuelan president
Hugo Chavez made a vitriolic anti-bush
speech at the U.N. calling President Bush "the devil". Since then a
Boston city councilor,
Jerry McDermott (Allston-Brighton), has
called for the sign to be dismantled, due to Citgo's ownership by the
Venezuelan government. |
Business Etiquette
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Business: English is becoming more
widely spoken in business circles, particularly at executive level.
Nevertheless, Spanish is essential for most business discussions.
Appointments are necessary and a business visitor should be punctual. Office hours: Mon-Fri 0800-1800
with a long midday break. Fashion is very
important to Venezuelan women. Women should pack their best business
clothes and one cocktail dress. Dress for men is conservative – dark
business suits of tropical weight wool
The older generation wants to get to know you
personally first, rather than your company or firm while the younger
generation will typically want to relate more to your business
dealings or company, rather than to you personally. Avoid dominating the
conversation. Venezuelans like to be in control.
It is common to exchange visiting cards. Have business
cards printed in English on one side and Spanish on the other. Be sure
your position is clearly indicated and present your card immediately
following an introduction. Titles are important and should be included
on business cards. Address a person directly by using his or her title
only.
When dining, wait until everyone is served before
beginning to eat. Unlike lunch, dinner is for socializing, not for
business.To indicate you have finished eating, place your utensils in
parallel and diagonally across your plate
Nepotism an accepted practice and is considered
a good thing, since it implies that employing people one knows and
trusts is of primary importance
more
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International
Disputes |
Caribbean:
Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines have asserted to the UN that Venezuela's claim
to an extensive Exclusive Economic Zone of up to 200 nautical miles (370
km) from
Isla Aves is
illegal.
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lying to the west of the
Leeward Islands chain at
15°40′18″N,
63°36′59″W. It is 375 meters in length
and never more than 50 meters in width, and rises 4 m above the
sea on a calm day. It is sometimes completely submerged during
hurricanes. |
The claim creates a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending
over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea.
CARICOM has
cited the critical importance of the UN Law of the Sea Convention 1982,
as the universal instrument representing the codification of
international law of the sea. Heads of Government declared their support
for the maritime integrity of the affected Member States of the
Community, including relevant maritime areas and called on all states to
respect the rules and principles contained in the Convention. Saint
Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protest Venezuela's claim
that Aves Island sustains human habitation and other states' recognition
of it. In 1950, a Venezuelan Navy fleet consisting of 2 patrol boats and
1 transport boat reached the island and a group of soldiers effectively
took control of the island. Twenty-eight years later in 1978, the
Venezuelan Navy set up a Scientific Naval Base named "Simón Bolívar",
which was permanently inhabited by a group of scientists and military
personnel. The Venezuelan military in 2004 expanded the Naval base which
was raised on stilts above the water.
Guyana Border: Venezuela claims all of the
area west of the
Essequibo River in Guyana, preventing
any discussion of a maritime boundary;
In 1899 an arbitration panel awarded most of the disputed area to
British Guyana but in 1951
Venezuela denounced the injustice of the decision. The Venezuela
government called for "equitable rectification." Venezuela in
pressing its claims has used military occupation and supporting calls
for secession.
The Politics of South American Boundaries
- by Carlos A. Parodi
Guyana has expressed its intention to join Barbados in
asserting claims before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea (UNCLOS) that Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela
extends into their waters. Guyana is a full member of
Caricom.
Meanwhile all official maps by the Government of Venezuela now feature
this section long considered part of Guyana by most other nations.
The Trail
of Diplomacy - A Documentary History of the Guyana-Venezuela Border
Issue by Dr.Odeen Ishmael at guyana.org
Guayana Esequiba a term
only used by Venezuela to describe this territory. On some maps, the
western Essequibo region is called the "Zone of Reclamation"
News from Guyana
Embassy in Venezuela at guyanaoutpost.com
Columbia: dispute with Colombia over Los Monjes
islands and maritime
boundary near the
Gulf of Venezuela.[Sometimes
referred to as the Gulf of Maracaibo]
The territorial dispute centered on control over the entrance to the
Golfo de Venezuela. The key to establishing this control was ownership
of the Islas Los Monjes, a chain of three tiny islands lying at the
gulf's northern mouth. At stake in the dispute was the control over a
substantial amount of maritime territory in the Caribbean that extended
into the gulf, an area popularly referred to by Colombians as the Golfo
de Coquibacoa. By gaining recognition of its claim to the islands, which
were said to be all but submerged at high tide, Colombia could expand
national territory into the Caribbean by declaring the extension of its
200-nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone around the islands. It would
also be able to claim a portion of the waters of the gulf--located next
to Venezuela's oil-rich Lago de Maracaibo--which, according to estimates
of possible reserves, might contain as much as 10 billion barrels of
oil.
Under an 1842 boundary agreement known as the Pombo-Romero
Treaty, Venezuela had ceded its claim to the Guajira Peninsula.
Conflicting boundary claims between the two nations remained, however,
and the issue became more complex. In 1891 King Alfonso XII of Spain,
who had been asked to arbitrate, awarded some portions of the disputed
territory to Colombia and others to Venezuela. The Spanish arbitration
did not, however, delineate the actual boundaries along the entirety of
the shared frontier. The 1941 Treaty on Border Demarcation and
Navigation of Common Rivers (also known as the Santos-Lopez Contreras
Treaty) presumably settled the dispute by delineating with geographic
precision the boundaries along the length of the land border. As a
result, most of the Guajira Peninsula remained under Colombian control,
but uncertainty continued regarding the extension of the maritime
boundary into the gulf.
Following the reestablishment of relative domestic
peace in Colombia during the 1960s, the dispute over the islands again
became a national issue. Several unsuccessful rounds of negotiations
were conducted during the 1970s and 1980s. In August 1987, Colombian
warships (including the missile frigate Caldas) entered
disputed waters at the mouth of the gulf, Colombian Mirage fighters
reportedly conducted overflights of the area, and Venezuelan F-16
fighters were moved to a nearby air base. Open hostilities appeared
imminent. Even after the withdrawal of the Colombian vessels by order of
President Virgilio Barco Vargas, the armed forces of both nations
remained on alert in the border area. The Venezuelan government
maintained that the vessels' presence in the gulf for three full days
represented an act of "intentional provocation" and sent a "strongly
worded" formal protest to the Colombian president.
February 1, 2005:
Venezuela accused Colombian of invading Venezuelan territory. Colombia
accused Venezuela of harboring FARC terrorists. The President of Cuba,
Fidel Castro, intervened in the crisis and talked to Chavez and Uribe.
more at en.wikinews.org/ |
Illicit drugs: small-scale illicit producer of opium
and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large
quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia
bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering
activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island;
active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of
drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border |
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Brazil -
Venezuela |
Brazil’s Rio de Janeiro samba school Vila Isabel
was sponsored by Venezuela to help
promote Latin American integration. The mood was contagious as the
school which has not done well in years won the hotly contested top
prize of Rio Carnaval 2006.
Vila Isabel,one of Rio de Janeiro’s most venerable Carnival
organizations, honoured Latin America’s mixture of peoples and cultures in a song
called “I am mad about you, America – Vila sings the Latinity”, on
February 26 2006. Brazilian media said that the celebration led Hugo Chavez,
Venezuela’s president that has a strong campaign for integration in the
region, to spend $1 million to help the school.
The parade's theme praised Latin American unity, with a special
honoring of Venezuelan independence hero, Simon Bolivar, Mr Chavez’s
favourite personality in Latin America’s history. |
Natural
Disasters |
Venezuela is an earthquake-prone
country and is occasionally subject to torrential rains, which can cause
major disasters such as the one in Vargas State in 1999. Travelers who
intend to rent or purchase long-term housing in Venezuela should
exercise care to choose structures designed for earthquake resistance.
Such individuals may wish to seek professional assistance from an
architect or civil/structural engineer, as does the Embassy, when
renting or purchasing a house or apartment in Venezuela.
For further information on seismic activity, you may wish
to visit:
mceer.buffalo.edu/ infoservice/Quakeline_
Database/default.asp ,
seismo.ethz.ch/GSHAP or
oas.org/CDMP/. |
Main Ports |
The principal shipping lines operating to
Venezuela are: from the USA: Venezuelan Line; from European ports:
French Line, Hamburg Süd, Hapag Lloyd, Polish Ocean Lines and the
Spanish ships, ‘Cabo San Juan’ and ‘Cabo San Roque’. Cruise ships
often make Caracas a port of call. |
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La Plaza Las Tres Gracias,
before Plaza de Bellas Artes, dedicated in 1946. The work
represents the goddesses Thalia, Eufrosina and Aglaia. The
sculpture was done was done in Florence by Pietro Cecarelli from
1910 to 1920 with Carrara marble |
Venezuela was a
prominent founding member of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) and the current president, Hugo Chávez, has played a
leading role in the revival of the organisation’s fortunes since the
late 1990s |
"I feel I have met a brother and trench mate after
meeting Chávez."
-Iran President Ahmadinejad on Chávez
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"We have the same political
vision."
Chavez on Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad. |
"I am only a soldier in this battle. Fidel is our
president. If we had to name a president of the world with enough powers
to set it right, it would be Fidel. I believe in one decade he could set
the world right."
-Chávez on Fidel Castro |
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